Arctic plants feel the heat.

The year was 1944. World War II was showing signs of winding down, but predictions that the Japanese would !ght to the bitter end had the Allies gravely concerned that they would run out of gasoline for the war effort. The 23-million-acre Naval Petroleum Reserve in northern Alaska was a prime location for !nding new sources of oil, and the U.S. Navy decided to explore. But the navy had a problem: no maps. So it decided to take an exceptionally detailed set of aerial photographs. Basing out of Ladd Field, near Fairbanks, surveyors mounted a massive K-18 camera in the open door of a twin-engine Beechcraft. Over several years, "ying low and slow, they took thousands of photographs of Alaska’s North Slope, extending from the Arctic Ocean south to the Brooks Range, and of the forested valleys on the south side of the range—itself a part of the boreal forest of evergreens and deciduous trees that stretches across a large swath of the Arctic [see map on page 68]. KEY CONCEPTS